This book is part of a set of books which offers advanced students successive characterization tool phases, the study of all types of phase (liquid, gas and solid, pure or multi-component), process engineering, chemical and electrochemical equilibria, and the properties of surfaces and phases of small sizes. Macroscopic and microscopic models are in turn covered with a constant correlation between the two scales. Particular attention has been given to the rigor of mathematical developments.

This fourth volume of the set concerns the study of chemical equilibria. The conditions of evolution of systems are first discussed through the De Donder affinity method. The modes of movement and stability under the action of disturbances are examined as well as the Gibbs and Duhem phase laws. The azeotropic transformations and the description of indifferent states complete this study. The methods of experimental determination and the calculation of different values associated with chemical reactions (enthalpies, entropies, calorific capacities, free and constant equilibrium enthalpies) lead to complex equilibrium calculations and their graphical representations in various forms: pole figures, generalized Ellingham diagrams, binary, tertiary and quaternary diagrams.